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Data Types

In this chapter, we will learn about data types in C++. We will start by learning about the basic data types in C++ and how to use them. Data types are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. They are an important concept in programming and are used to ensure that the data is stored and used correctly.

Basic Data Types

C++ provides several basic data types that are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. Some of the basic data types in C++ include:

Primitive Data Types: These are the basic data types that are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. Some of the primitive data types in C++ include:
Derived Data Types: These are the data types that are derived from other data types.
User-Defined Data Types: These are the data types that are defined by the user.

Data Types in C++

In this chapter, we will focus on the primitive data types and how to use them.

Primitive Data Types

C++ provides several primitive data types that are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. Some of the primitive data types in C++ include:

int: This is a signed integer data type that can hold values from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
float: This is a floating-point data type that can hold values with a precision of 6 decimal places.
double: This is a floating-point data type that can hold values with a precision of 15 decimal places.
char: This is a character data type that can hold a single character.
bool: This is a boolean data type that can hold either true or false.
void: This is a data type that is used to indicate that a function does not return a value.

We have some additional data types that are primitives but are less discussed from academic perspective. These include:

short: This is a signed integer data type that can hold values from -32768 to 32767.
long: This is a signed integer data type that can hold values from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
long long: This is a signed integer data type that can hold values from -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.
unsigned char: This is an unsigned integer data type that can hold values from 0 to 255.
unsigned short: This is an unsigned integer data type that can hold values from 0 to 65535.
unsigned int: This is an unsigned integer data type that can hold values from 0 to 4294967295.
unsigned long: This is an unsigned integer data type that can hold values from 0 to 4294967295.
unsigned long long: This is an unsigned integer data type that can hold values from 0 to 18446744073709551615.

Code Used in Video

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int teaLeaves = 50;
    float waterTemperature = 85.588588;
    double priceOfTea = 299.99;
    char teaGrade = 'A';
    bool isTeaReady = false;

    cout << waterTemperature << endl;

    return 0;
}

Let’s go through the code line by line:

The int teaLeaves = 50; line declares a variable named teaLeaves of type int and assigns the value 50 to it.
The float waterTemperature = 85.588588; line declares a variable named waterTemperature of type float and assigns the value 85.588588 to it.
The double priceOfTea = 299.99; line declares a variable named priceOfTea of type double and assigns the value 299.99 to it.
The char teaGrade = 'A'; line declares a variable named teaGrade of type char and assigns the value 'A' to it.
The bool isTeaReady = false; line declares a variable named isTeaReady of type bool and assigns the value false to it.
The cout << waterTemperature << endl; line prints the value of the waterTemperature variable to the console.

Modifier Code in Video

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    unsigned smallTeaPack = 1200;
    long long largeTeaStorage = 100000000;
    short teaSample = 25;

    cout << largeTeaStorage << endl;

    return 0;
}

Let’s go through the code line by line:

The unsigned smallTeaPack = 1200; line declares a variable named smallTeaPack of type unsigned and assigns the value 1200 to it.
The long long largeTeaStorage = 100000000; line declares a variable named largeTeaStorage of type long long and assigns the value 100000000 to it.
The short teaSample = 25; line declares a variable named teaSample of type short and assigns the value 25 to it.
The cout << largeTeaStorage << endl; line prints the value of the largeTeaStorage variable to the console.

String Code in Video

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    string favoriteTea = "Lemon Tea \t";
    string description = "Known as \"best\" tea";

    cout << favoriteTea << description << endl;

    return 0;
}

Let’s go through the code line by line:

The string favoriteTea = "Lemon Tea \t"; line declares a variable named favoriteTea of type string and assigns the value "Lemon Tea \t" to it.
The string description = "Known as \"best\" tea"; line declares a variable named description of type string and assigns the value "Known as \"best\" tea" to it.
The cout << favoriteTea << description << endl; line prints the value of the favoriteTea and description variables to the console.

Type Casting Code in Video

Type casting is the process of converting a value from one data type to another data type.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    float teaPrice = 49.99;
    int roundedTeaPrice = (int) teaPrice;

    int teaQuantity = 2;
    int totalPrice = teaPrice * teaQuantity;

    cout << totalPrice << endl;

    return 0;
}

Let’s go through the code line by line:

The float teaPrice = 49.99; line declares a variable named teaPrice of type float and assigns the value 49.99 to it.
The int roundedTeaPrice = (int) teaPrice; line declares a variable named roundedTeaPrice of type int and assigns the value 49 to it.
The int teaQuantity = 2; line declares a variable named teaQuantity of type int and assigns the value 2 to it.
The int totalPrice = teaPrice * teaQuantity; line declares a variable named totalPrice of type int and assigns the value 98 to it.
The cout << totalPrice << endl; line prints the value of the totalPrice variable to the console.

User input code in Video

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(){
    string userTea;
    int teaQuantity;

    cout << "What would you like to order in tea? \n";
    getline(cin, userTea);

    //ask for quantity
    cout << "how many cups of " << userTea << "would you like to have ? ";
    cin >> teaQuantity;

    cout << teaQuantity;
    cout << userTea;

    return 0;
}

Let’s go through the code line by line:

#include <string> line includes the string header file, which provides the string data type.
The string userTea; line declares a variable named userTea of type string and does not assign a value to it.
The int teaQuantity; line declares a variable named teaQuantity of type int and does not assign a value to it.
The cout << "What would you like to order in tea? \n"; line prints the string “What would you like to order in tea?” to the console.
The getline(cin, userTea); line reads a line of input from the console and assigns it to the userTea variable.
The cout << "how many cups of " << userTea << "would you like to have ? "; line prints the string “how many cups of ” followed by the value of the userTea variable followed by the string “would you like to have ? ” to the console.
The cin >> teaQuantity; line reads an integer from the console and assigns it to the teaQuantity variable.
The cout << teaQuantity; line prints the value of the teaQuantity variable to the console.
The cout << userTea; line prints the value of the userTea variable to the console.

Summary

In this chapter, we have learned about data types in C++. We have also learned about the primitive data types and how to use them.

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